Aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine hydrochloride capsules inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes in rabbit knee osteoarthritis by affecting TRPV5 expression.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine (OTL) on the apoptosis of chondrocytes of rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by affecting the expression of TRPV5. METHODS: After the KOA white rabbit model was established, aerobic training and OTL treatment were performed, then the model joints were evaluated by Mankin, HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of articular cartilage, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry were used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis. Knee chondrocytes were isolated and identified by Alcian Blue and type II collagen fiber staining. The cells were treated with iodoacetic acid (MIA) to simulate osteoarthritis in vitro, and then the effect of TRPV5 on apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, in addition, apoptosis-related proteins and TRPV5 were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Both aerobic exercise and OTL treatment could significantly reduce the Mankin score of KOA model, and could effectively inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis in the KOA model, and inhibit the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in the KOA model. TRPV5 expression was significantly increased in the model, while both aerobic exercise and OTL could reverse its expression. The low-expression of TRPV5 significantly reversed the role of MIA in promoting apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins of knee chondrocytes, while overexpressing TRPV5 promoted MIA-induced apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine hydrochloride capsules inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes in rabbit KOA by affecting the expression of TRPV5.

The mechanism of aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine therapy and circUNK in improving knee osteoarthritis in rabbits.

AIMS: Both aerobic exercise and glucosamine hydrochloride capsules (OTL) have a therapeutic effect on knee osteoarthritis, but their joint application has not been investigated. This study clarified the mechanism of the combined treatment in knee osteoarthritis. MAIN METHODS: Aerobic exercise and OTL were used alone or in combination to treat papain-induced knee osteoarthritis model rabbits. Pathological changes of cartilage tissues, inflammatory cytokine content, glycosaminoglycan, and expressions of collagen II, cartilage differentiation-related genes and circUNK were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Mankin score, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, toluidine blue staining, Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. The extracted chondrocytes were identified by Alcian Blue staining and immunohistochemistry and induced by iodoacetic acid (MIA) to establish osteoarthritis model. Effects of overexpressing or silencing circUNK on cell function and molecular changes in chondrocytes were analyzed by cell function experiments, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Rabbit modeling and intervention treatment were marked. KEY FINDINGS: Aerobic exercise or OTL treatment alone relieved the damage caused by knee osteoarthritis in terms of cartilage tissue lesions, Mankin score, inflammatory cytokine content, glycosaminoglycan, and expressions of collagen II, cartilage differentiation-related genes and circUNK. Combined application of aerobic exercise and OTL showed better synergistic treatment effects. Transfection of overexpressed circUNK could attenuate the MIA-induced effect on cell viability and apoptosis in chondrocytes by regulating genes related to differentiation and apoptosis. Aerobic exercise combined with glucosamine had a synergistic therapeutic effect on knee osteoarthritis. SIGNIFICANCE: Overexpressing circUNK protected osteoarthritis model cells by regulating cartilage differentiation- and apoptosis-related genes.

Calculating the Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions from Continuous Glucose Data Using an Open-Code Programmable Algorithm Based on the Integer Nonlinear Method.

The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) is an essential index for glycemic variability assessment, which is treated as a key reference for blood glucose controlling at clinic. However, the traditional "ruler and pencil" manual method for the calculation of MAGE is time-consuming and prone to error due to the huge data size, making the development of robust computer-aided program an urgent requirement. Although several software products are available instead of manual calculation, poor agreement among them is reported. Therefore, more studies are required in this field. In this paper, we developed a mathematical algorithm based on integer nonlinear programming. Following the proposed mathematical method, an open-code computer program named MAGECAA v1.0 was developed and validated. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the developed program was robust compared to the manual method. The agreement among the developed program and currently available popular software is satisfied, indicating that the worry about the disagreement among different software products is not necessary. The open-code programmable algorithm is an extra resource for those peers who are interested in the related study on methodology in the future.